Concept 3 of 9Foundation
Watch on YouTubeVideoCell and battery
A cell is a single energy unit — 2 terminals (+ positive, − negative). It stores chemical energy and converts it to electrical.
A battery = 2 or more cells joined together.
In a torch, cells are put in series: + of one touching − of the next. This adds their voltages → brighter bulb. Put a cell reversed → voltages cancel → dim or no light.
Example
A torch with 2 cells of 1.5 V each connected correctly gives 3 V. Reverse one → 0 V net.
💡 Tip:Modern rechargeable batteries (Li-ion) can be recharged by a charger. Dry cells cannot.
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5 questions to check what you just read.
0 / 5
- Q1.A cell has ___ terminals:
- Q2.Battery means:
- Q3.To make a bulb brighter, connect two cells:
- Q4.If you reverse one cell in a two-cell torch, bulb:
- Q5.Cell converts ___ energy into electrical energy: